By default, linking tasks means that one has to start after the other one is finished. However, you can also link tasks so that they are required to start at the same time, finish at the same time, or finish before the other task starts. To change these dependencies, double-click on the arrow that connects the two tasks. You can also group similar tasks into phases. For example, add another task called "Prep" above the "Design" and "Build" tasks.
Click and drag over all three tasks to select them and then hit the indent button in the Schedule section of the toolbar. This makes the "Prep" task into a phase, denoted by a black bar encompassing the tasks beneath it. Using phases can also help you plan from the top down — coming up with the major phases of a project first, and then breaking each phase into its component tasks. So now that you've created all of these tasks to complete, who is going to do them?
Let's add members of your team to the Resources sheet. Go to the dropdown menu in the View section of the toolbar. By default, this will show a button for Gantt chart and a small down arrow. Click the down-arrow part to get the list of views. Choose More Views , and then scroll down to choose Resource Sheet.
Click Apply. Here you will add resources much in the same way you added tasks. Click a cell in the Resource Name column and type in the team member's name. In our fairground booth example, we have team members Allen and Jackie and a volunteer who has agreed to build the booth. Project has a simple method for assigning tasks to specific resources: the Team Planner. The Team Planner view is new to Project and makes assigning tasks as easy as dragging and dropping.
To easily get to the Team Planner view, click the Resource tab in the toolbar and then click the Team Planner icon on the far left. You will see the resources at the top of the screen and unassigned tasks at the bottom. You may have to drag the bar that separates the two sections upwards a bit to see the tasks. Drag a task that you want to assign to the row of the respective team member and align it with the date column.
For linked tasks, like our "Design" and "Build," Project will warn you if the date you drop the task on is incompatible with the dependency you have already set up. Switch back to the Gantt chart view and you can see to whom each task has been assigned, along with its duration and start and end dates. Another great new feature in Project is the ability to create project timelines quickly and easily.
While on the Task tab, simply highlight the tasks you want to see on the timeline and click Add to Timeline in the Properties section of the toolbar. The timeline expands between the toolbar and the Gantt chart areas with the new tasks assigned to it. Project offers a number of options for sharing your project with other team members.
You can send the project as an email attachment or sync it with a SharePoint server. You can also save it to a SharePoint site. If you have a particular file type that you need for your project, such as a PDF, you can choose that in the File Types section.
Project management is a systematic approach to making the best use of limited resources while achieving program goals. Microsoft Project makes applying project-management principles to any nonprofit's endeavor easy and rewarding. Project can handle the smallest projects that need resource allocation, scheduling, and progress tracking, but it's also capable of managing extremely elaborate and large-scale projects. For more about what Project can do, look into the resources below or try out the program yourself to see what capabilities would be useful for your organization's technology needs.
You may be trying to access this site from a secured browser on the server. Please enable scripts and reload this page. They also make it possible to access SharePoint sites from server-side applications that are running on servers that are not part of a SharePoint farm. The client object model has been designed for Microsoft. NET Framework applications that are running. NET Framework 3. The REST-based web service provides access to a wider variety of client applications, including browsers that are running on Windows and non-Windows operating systems.
Although general business solutions target ordinary business users, it is also common to develop SharePoint solutions that provide functionality to users who are in the role of website owners and site collection administrators.
The type of functionality provided in these types of SharePoint solutions include the automation of archiving older content, backing up recent content, and refreshing local lookup lists by calling web services over the network. The website owners are then provided with custom links on the Site Settings page that enable them to navigate to these application pages.
In a less common scenario, a SharePoint developer may be required to develop a SharePoint solution that adds custom pages to extend the farm-level administrative functionality that is available in the Central Administration application of SharePoint These types of solutions are designed to provide farm administrators with custom pages that provide extended management functionality for site collections, web applications, and the farm itself.
Examples of functionality that is included in farm-level administrative applications include monitoring and managing access control lists ACLs within site collections, providing custom back up schemes, and viewing and registering specialized custom components within the current farm, such as sandboxed solution validators and trusted proxy classes. The farm administrators are then provided with custom links within standard pages of the Central Administration application that allow them to navigate to these custom administration pages.
In addition to the types of SharePoint solutions that are described earlier, the SharePoint development platform provides several other developer opportunities to create specialized components and services, which are included in the following list.
The SharePoint development tools in Visual Studio do not provide SharePoint project templates or SharePoint project item templates to help you create these types of SharePoint components or services. Therefore, you must learn how to add classes and other types of source files to your projects to implement them.
However, we still recommend that you use the SharePoint development tools in Visual Studio by creating SharePoint projects when developing these specialized SharePoint components and services. The value of using SharePoint projects is that they automate building the solution package, which is required to deploy these components and services in a production environment.
SharePoint Foundation provides a scheduling engine that runs administrative components known as timer jobs. SharePoint Foundation and SharePoint Server include many built-in timer job definitions for running ongoing administrative tasks, such as monitoring the health of the farm and crawling searchable content to build indexes.
With SharePoint Foundation, you can create a custom timer job definition that can be scheduled and managed directly from inside Central Administration.
Timer jobs are also the mechanism with which SharePoint runs code on multiple servers, such as code that edits a configuration file on all front-end web servers. SharePoint Foundation and SharePoint Server farms provide a built-in library of Windows PowerShell cmdlets that enable farm administrators to automate administrative tasks through Windows PowerShell scripts. You can create a custom Windows PowerShell snap-in that contains custom cmdlets that can also be called from Windows PowerShell scripts.
The advantage of creating a custom Windows PowerShell snap-in is that logic for administering a SharePoint farm can be moved out of Windows PowerShell scripts into a compiled component written in C or Visual Basic, which programs against the server-side object model.
NET provides a framework for writing navigation providers that is used in SharePoint to supply navigation nodes for common navigation components, such as the top navigation bar and the Quick Launch.
A developer can create a custom navigation provider to extend the standard navigation scheme that is provided by SharePoint Foundation and SharePoint Server For example, all the navigation that is included with SharePoint works only within the scope of a site collection.
However, you can create a custom navigation provider to provide users with a navigation scheme that works across site collection boundaries. SharePoint introduces a new infrastructure to support claims-based security. A developer can create a custom claim provider that looks up facts for a specific user and then adds them as claims into the user's security token.
SharePoint Foundation also enables site administrators and list owners to configure access to resources such as sites, lists, and items by configuring access control in terms of custom claims added by a custom claim provider. SharePoint includes an infrastructure named Microsoft Business Connectivity Services BCS , which enables SharePoint sites to consume and update data from back-end systems such as database servers and web services.
NET or standard web service calls without any need for custom development. However, some back-end systems are not available through ADO. NET or standard web service calls. You can create a. Furthermore, developing. NET assembly connectors lets you add custom logic to BCS operations that read and update data from back-end systems. SharePoint Foundation provides a new infrastructure for sandboxed solutions that allows for the deployment of solution packages within the scope of a site collection.
A primary advantage of deploying solution packages as sandboxed solutions is that it requires no changes to the web server computers and therefore lowers the risk of deploying custom code in a production environment. To restrict the types of sandboxed solutions that can be activated within a SharePoint farm, you can create a sandboxed solution validator that must be installed and registered in a farm.
After it is registered, a sandboxed solution validator is called every time a user tries to activate a sandboxed solution within the scope of a site collection. A sandboxed solution validator can inspect the contents of a sandboxed solution and cancel its activation if the sandboxed solution does not meet the custom criteria defined by the sandboxed solution validator. For example, a company might decide that users can activate only sandboxed solutions that are developed in house by its own development staff.
Code that runs inside a sandboxed solution is constrained from what it can do. For example, code that runs inside a sandboxed solution is prohibited from using many parts of the server-side object model. Furthermore, code that runs inside a sandboxed solution is prohibited from accessing any data on the local hard disk drive of the host server and also from calling over the network to database servers and web services.
There are some techniques that allow code in sandboxed solutions to avoid these restrictions. One technique is to use the SharePoint client object model to access parts of the object model that are in the server-side code of the sandboxed solution.
Another technique is to develop a trusted proxy and then call to this trusted proxy from code in a sandboxed solution.
A trusted proxy is a class that is deployed within a farm solution and registered within the current farm. The central idea is that code inside a sandbox solution can overcome the constraints of the sandbox by making a call to a trusted proxy.
The trusted proxy runs with full trust and can make calls over the network and access any part of the server-side object model on behalf of a sandboxed solution. This service application lets users publish Microsoft Excel worksheets to SharePoint document libraries, which can be loaded in a server-side process to perform calculations and to render the worksheet as a webpage. A developer can create a class with methods that are used to perform custom calculations inside Excel worksheets as they are processed in server-side scenarios.
These types of methods are known as user-defined functions. Developing Excel Services user-defined functions is typically required when a worksheet requires calculations that are difficult or impossible to achieve in Excel Services natively using Excel formulas, such parsing together strings, or performing a look up by calling a web service over the network. SharePoint introduces new support that makes it possible to develop and deploy a Windows Communication Foundation WCF web service using an.
The advantage of providing access through a site-relative path is that code behind the web service can access the current website and site collection using the server-side object model. You can develop these types of web services as either SOAP-based web services or REST-based web services to enable SharePoint site access over the network to various client applications.
SharePoint Foundation introduces a service application infrastructure that is designed to promote the efficient sharing of resources across all sites on a farm-wide basis. It also provides a foundation for sharing resources across farm boundaries. However, the service application architecture was also designed to be extensible. This means that any knowledgeable and motivated developer can develop a custom service application that can be deployed inside any SharePoint farm.
A key benefit to the service application architecture is that you can treat a service application as a configurable component. After installing and provisioning a service application, you can configure and reconfigure it to support several different deployment scenarios. In simple farms, you can configure an instance of the service application to run on the front-end web server.
In more complex farms, you can configure a service application to run on a separate application server or in a farm of application servers.
Developing a service application is a significant undertaking that requires a much greater investment when compared to developing the other types of components and services mentioned in this article.
For example, a service application must be written to query the configuration database about its current deployment configuration, and it must adjust its behavior accordingly.
When a service application runs over the network on a dedicated application server, it relies on a proxy component on the front-end web server that must also be implemented by the developer who builds the service application. The service application proxy component must be deployed along with the service application, which makes services applications harder to implement. However, it is the service application proxy architecture that provides value by abstracting away the code that is required to discover where a service application instance lives on the network.
The service application proxy component also provides value by encapsulating all the WCF code that is used to prepare and execute web service calls from the web server to the target application server that is running the service application.
This article provides a high-level introduction to the SharePoint development platform. It is important for new SharePoint developers to understand that SharePoint development projects must be packaged and distributed using solution packages.
Solution packages can be deployed as either farm solutions or as sandboxed solutions. Farm solutions are deployed at the farm-level and require you to add files to web server computers. Sandboxed solutions are deployed at site collection scope and do not require any changes to web server computers. SharePoint projects present a great step forward for SharePoint developers because they automate the process of building and testing solution packages with a local SharePoint farm. As a beginning SharePoint developer, you should start by creating general business solutions.
However, the SharePoint development platform presents quite a few other opportunities for advanced SharePoint developers to create more specialized types of components and services.
SharePoint Developer Center. Download: Microsoft SharePoint Foundation Download: Microsoft SharePoint Server Ted Pattison is an author, instructor, and co-founder of Critical Path Training , a company dedicated to education on SharePoint technologies.
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